Vredefort Dome
Overview
Vredefort Dome, approximately 120 km south-west of Johannesburg, is a representative part of a larger meteorite impact structure, or astrobleme. Dating back 2,023 million years, it is the oldest astrobleme yet found on Earth. With a radius of 190 km, it is also the largest and the most deeply eroded. Vredefort Dome bears witness to the world’s greatest known single energy release event, which had devastating global effects including, according to some scientists, major evolutionary changes. It provides critical evidence of the Earth’s geological history and is crucial to understanding of the evolution of the planet. Despite the importance of impact sites to the planet’s history, geological activity on the Earth’s surface has led to the disappearance of evidence from most of them, and Vredefort is the only example to provide a full geological profile of an astrobleme below the crater floor.
About Vredefort Dome
The Vredefort impact structure is one of the largest impact structures on Earth. The crater, which has since been eroded away, has been estimated at 170–300 kilometres (110–190 mi) across when it was formed, the latter estimate suggesting the initial crater was larger than Chicxulub crater, the largest mostly intact impact crater on Earth. The remaining structure, comprising the deformed underlying bedrock, is located in present-day Free State province of South Africa. It is named after the town of Vredefort, which is near its centre. The structure's central uplift is known as the Vredefort Dome, which is around 100–120 kilometres (62–75 mi) in diameter. The impact structure was formed during the Paleoproterozoic Era, 2.023 billion years ago. It is among the oldest known impact structures on Earth, after Yarrabubba and possibly Miralga.
Read more on WikipediaSelection Criteria
(viii)
Components(4 locations)
- •Vredefort Dome core area1162-001
- •The chocolate tablet breccia site1162-003
- •The pseudotachylite (quarry) site1162-004
- •The stromatolite/basal fault plane site1162-002
Details
- Countries
- South Africa
- ISO Codes
- ZA
- Area
- 30,000 ha
- Coordinates
- -26.8600, 27.2600
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Vredefort Dome